2026-01-28
| Urinary incontinence refers to the involuntary leakage of urine that constitutes a social and health problem and can be objectively confirmed. The commonly referred to urinary incontinence mainly includes four types: stress, urge, mixed, and overflow. Among them, stress urinary incontinence is the most common type, accounting for approximately 40% to 50%.
Overflow Urinary Incontinence
Overflow Urinary Incontinence: When the bladder is full and the internal pressure in the bladder keeps rising, exceeding the maximum urethral pressure and resulting in involuntary urine leakage. Overflow Urinary Incontinence is related to bladder contraction weakness, and it can also present symptoms such as incomplete urination, excessive filling, and urinary retention. Overflow Urinary Incontinence is caused by the decreased elasticity of the detrusor muscle of the bladder, weakened contraction force, lack of appropriate sensitivity to filling, and urinary disorders. Lower spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve inflammation of the bladder, multiple sclerosis, taking antipsychotic drugs, radical surgery for pelvic tumors all can cause pathological damage to the bladder nerves to varying degrees. Local scar contractures caused by urinary system surgery and stones resulting in obstruction at the urinary system outlet can both lead to difficulty in urination and urinary retention, thereby causing Overflow Urinary Incontinence. Overflow Urinary Incontinence is divided into two types: acute and chronic.
1. Acute overflow urinary incontinence
It often occurs after damage to the central nervous system. Nervous system damage can cause paralysis of the urination reflex or spasm of the external urethral sphincter, leading to acute urinary retention. Post-pelvic surgeries (especially those involving the perineum or pubic area) and post-delivery urinary reflex disorders can also cause acute urinary retention. When the bladder is overfilled, the pressure inside the bladder keeps increasing, which in turn causes blood circulation disorders in the bladder wall. This can lead to degenerative changes in the nerves and nerve receptors within the bladder wall, as well as degeneration and rupture of the detrusor muscle fibers. Most of these changes are reversible. Once the cause is eliminated, they can gradually recover.
2. Chronic Overflow Urinary Incontinence
There are the following three situations:
2.1 ：Urethral obstruction and bladder outlet obstruction: Commonly seen in urethral stenosis, external urethral orifice stenosis, tumors of the urethra and bladder neck, etc.;
2.2 ：Neurogenic bladder with urethral dysfunction: More common in the destruction of the reflex arc of the detrusor muscle in the sacral spinal cord, reduced or absent detrusor muscle reflex;
2.3 ：Bladder contracture: Common causes include tuberculous bladder contracture, radiation cystitis and interstitial cystitis. Due to the invasion of inflammation, the detrusor muscle undergoes varying degrees of fibrosis. At the same time as bladder contracture, the contraction ability of the detrusor muscle fibers weakens or disappears, and the bladder gradually becomes a fibrous sac with almost no contraction function.
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