2026-02-14
Before intermittent catheterization, the interval time for the procedure needs to be determined based on the residual urine volume in the bladder. The urine remaining in the bladder after urination is called residual urine. The normal residual urine volume for a normal female is no more than 50ml, and for a normal male, it is no more than 20ml. If the residual urine exceeds the normal value, it indicates that the bladder's urination function has been impaired, and the residual urine remaining in the bladder is prone to bacterial growth and infection. During the treatment of lower urinary tract obstruction, repeated measurement of residual urine volume can be used to assess the therapeutic effect. When the residual urine volume is >100ml, methods such as catheterization are needed to assist in its discharge. The method for measuring residual urine volume is as follows:
1.Residual urine volume and intermittent catheterization timing
For patients undergoing intermittent catheterization, residual urine is a common term because the interval time for intermittent catheterization needs to be determined based on the residual urine volume.
The standard guidelines for intermittent catheterization care usually state as follows:
01 :The interval time for catheterization depends on the residual urine volume. It is generally 4 to 6 hours. Generally, the number of daily catheterizations does not exceed 6 times. As the residual urine volume decreases, the interval time for catheterization can be gradually extended.
02 :When the patient can spontaneously urinate more than 100ml between two catheterizations and the residual urine volume is less than 300ml, catheterization is performed every 6 hours;
03 :When the patient can spontaneously urinate more than 200ml between two catheterizations and the residual urine volume is less than 200ml, catheterization is performed every 8 hours;
04 :When the residual urine volume is less than 100ml or less than 20% of the bladder capacity, that is, when bladder function is balanced, catheterization can be stopped.
2. Methods for Measuring Residual Urine Volume
The methods for measuring residual urine volume are divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement.
01 Direct Measurement Method
This method involves measuring the residual urine by catheterization. According to the routine catheterization procedure, a catheter is inserted through the urethra into the bladder, and the urine is drained into a graduated measuring cup or a urine container with a scale. The drained urine is the residual urine. This method is relatively accurate for measurement.
When directly measuring residual urine volume, the following points should be noted:
a: Before measurement, patients should try to empty their urine as much as possible. Strict aseptic operation is required. The surrounding mucosa and skin of the urethral opening, as well as the surfaces of the urinary catheter and the items touched by the operator, must be disinfected to ensure a sterile environment. This is to avoid infection during catheter insertion.
b: When inserting the urinary catheter, be gentle, especially for male patients.
c: Select an appropriate urinary catheter (in terms of size and type).
d: Protect privacy.
e: When the urine stops flowing, slowly withdraw the catheter outward and gently apply pressure on the pubic bone to completely empty the urine.
02 Indirect Measurement Method
The measurement is conducted through imaging examinations (B-ultrasound, CT, and intravenous pyelography). This method is non-invasive and avoids the infection risks associated with catheterization measurements. It is also easy to repeat multiple times. However, when the residual urine volume is small, the results may not be accurate.
In summary, the direct measurement method is a more accurate way to determine the residual urine volume in the bladder. Imaging examinations, especially B-ultrasound, are commonly used, painless, and easily accepted by patients. The measured results are not significantly different from the actual residual urine volume, and they can provide a reference for evaluating bladder urination function. For patients undergoing intermittent catheterization, the direct measurement method is undoubtedly more convenient and efficient.
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