2026-05-11
For people with neurogenic bladder, intermittent catheterization is an economical and effective method. The common problems during the catheterization procedure and the corresponding nursing points are as follows
1. Common Questions
1.1 Pain or discomfort during catheterization: Due to differences in physiological structure, the thickness of the urethra also varies. Using a catheter that is too thick can cause mechanical damage to the urethra and easily damage the urethral mucosa.
1.2 Patient anxiety: In general, patients tend to have anxiety. Anxiety can prevent the abdominal muscles from relaxing, cause urethral spasm, and make the insertion of the urinary catheter into the urethra difficult. If there are repeated attempts to insert the catheter, it is prone to cause local bleeding of the urethral mucosa.
1.3 Inadequate technical skills: The nursing staff lacked experience in catheterization and were not proficient in the procedure. They failed to accurately grasp the physiological bending position during catheter insertion. When encountering resistance during catheter insertion, they adopted rough actions. For patients with urinary retention, if they held their urine for an excessively long time, the bladder would become overfilled, causing unbearable discomfort to the patient.
1.4 Inadequate insertion depth of the urinary catheter: The insertion depth of the urinary catheter is insufficient, preventing the drainage of urine. If the insertion is too deep, it may cause damage to the bladder wall.
1.5 Insufficient preparations before operation: Before catheterization, one should carefully inspect the quality of the urinary catheter, checking whether the tube body is smooth and whether the drainage hole is smooth. If any quality issues are found, the catheter must not be used again. One cannot compromise the patient's health just to save costs.
1.6 Physiological issues: Occasionally, female patients may present with hypospadias. Before catheterization, two sets of catheterization supplies can be prepared. Adequate catheterization equipment should be available. If the catheter accidentally enters the vagina, it should be immediately replaced. To prevent infection, strict cleaning procedures should be followed during subsequent operations.
2. Measures
2.1 Enhance Learning: Nursing staff should intensify their learning, familiarize themselves with anatomical knowledge, master the physiological curvature characteristics of men, learn to communicate, guide and encourage patients to overcome the difficulties caused by the disease, and promote treatment.
2.2 Careful Operation: During catheter insertion, the movements should be gentle and slow, and excessive force should be avoided. Repeated catheter insertions should be minimized. When choosing the urinary catheter, it should be of appropriate size and the quality should be carefully checked to ensure it is qualified. If any item does not meet the requirements, even if it is expensive, it should not be used. The quality control must be strictly enforced. After catheterization, avoid twisting, compressing or blocking the catheter. Keep the catheter drainage unobstructed. If turbid urine, sediment, crystals or bleeding are found, seek medical help immediately. Timely bladder irrigation and hemostasis should be performed. In cases where the patient's renal function is normal, encourage the patient to drink more water.
2.3 Provide psychological care: During catheterization, patients may experience discomfort. When experiencing urinary retention, they may become agitated. Nursing staff should learn to divert their attention. For patients with prostate hypertrophy, they must be instructed to relax their abdominal muscles and take deep breaths to eliminate tension and reduce fear. If any serious discomfort symptoms are detected during catheterization, it is necessary to pay attention and promptly seek assistance from the doctor.
3. Summary
Under normal conditions, the human urethra is in a physiological environment free of bacterial activity. Catheterization, as a mechanical stimulation procedure, does cause varying degrees of damage to the urethral mucosa of the human body, disrupting the protective barrier of the mucosa and potentially leading to complications such as urinary tract infections. Therefore, standardized catheterization procedures are particularly important for the physical health of patients. Nursing staff and patients who conduct catheterization themselves should have a better understanding of the relevant operation techniques. During catheterization, they should try to perform the procedure in a standardized manner to reduce the probability of complications.
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